August 1857

In the first week of this month finish planting your savoys; they will not, at this season, require a greater distance than two feet every way. This plantation will be tolerably well cabbaged in November, and may, with a little care, be preserved in fine condition all winter.

The early York, Battersea, and sugar-loaf plants, arising from seed sown last month, should now be planted out for autumn coleworts; they will yet form nice heads; and some more of the same kinds should be sown in the first week of this month, from which you will have delicious hearts late in October, &c. In the southern States, where the plants can stand out all winter, this will be a very useful practice. Plant also your last crop of borecole.

Now prepare some ground and sow a good crop of spinage; that sown in the first week of the month will be fit for use in September, and what you sow in the second will be in fine condition in October.

In the last week of the month, you should sow a principal crop of the prickly seeded spinage for early spring use; this ought to be sown on dry gravelly ground, for on such it will stand the winter much better than on any other. A second sowing will, however, be necessary for the same purpose in the first week of September, as it will always be proper to have a double chance.

With either or both of these sowings, you may throw in a thin scattering of brown Dutch or cabbage lettuce, and if the winter is any way mild, you will have good early plants in spring, which you are then to take up and transplant into beds for heading.

In the early part of this month you should sow a sufficient supply of short-top and salmon radishes; also, some of the white Naples and turnip-rooted kinds; these will be fit for the table in September. About the middle of the month, you ought to sow a second crop to come into use in October.

A full crop of the black and white Spanish or winter radish may be sown at either, or both, of the above periods, for fall and winter use.

The plantations of asparagus should now be kept perfectly clear from weeds, but particularly those which were planted last spring, and likewise the seedling beds; but this must be done by a very careful hand weeding.

The first week in this month is a very principal time for sowing your general crop of turnips for autumn and winter use, whether in the field or garden; you may continue in the middle States to sow as opportunity offers, or as the season proves favorable, till the middle of the month; after which, it will be too late to expect any tolerable produce.

In the eastern States, the last sowing ought to be performed in the first week of this month, and the earlier in that, the better. If any be sown after the above periods, it ought to be of the early six weeks kind; this will arrive at maturity at an earlier period than any other sort. In the southern States, turnips may be sown somewhat later.

Sow very thinly in drills, one foot apart and one inch deep. The purple-top strap leaf, and yellow stone, are two good kinds.

Plant now a full crop of late celery; let this be done as early in the month as possible, and as directed on pages 423 and 461.

Continue to earth up your advancing crops of celery once every ten or fourteen days, observing to do this on a dry day, and previously to break the earth fine with the spade; take care to gather up all the leaves neatly, and not to bury the hearts of the plants.

The late spring plantations of artichokes should be now looked over and treated as directed for the older plants on page 403.

Where a constant supply of small salading is wanted, such as letfuce, oroses, radish, rape, and mustard, they should now be ter, every eight or ten days on a shady border, and frequently watered, both before and after coming up

You may any time between the first and fifteenth of this month, ot at each period, gow a crop of the early frame, Charlton, or Warwic peas; these, should the season prove favorablo, will afford gou tolerale crops in October. the drills, as directed on page 46%. If the weather be dry, soak the peas and water LATe

At any time bofore the middle of the month you may plant a orop of the early oream-colored, early yellow, or early China dwarf kidney. beena; they will yet succeed very well; but should the ground and weather be dry at the time, the drills ought to be watered, and the beans soaked in soft water four or five hours before planting

Early in the month sow a good supply of lettuces for fall use; the kinds proper to sow now are the brown Dutch and Silesia lettuces both these kinds sacceed well at this season. Sow them as directed in the former months. A succession crop should also be sown abou the middle of the month. In the last week of the month sow some of the brown Dutch and hardy green cabbage lettuce, to transplant into frames and on warn borders in October, for winter and spring use; for the method of pro tecting them from frost, see November. of lettuces as are grown to a sufficient size; let thig rected in the preceding months, and, if possible, in moist or cloud weather; giving them a plentiful watering when planted, and repea it frequently if necessary Be partioular always to sow and plan your lettuces in an open situation, and not to suffer them to be draw up, or to remain too long in the seed-beds, otherwise they will neve form good heads.

Tie up your endive, which is full grown, or cover them wit boarda or tiles to blanch: this must be performed when the lente are very dry, otherwise the plants will rot. Select the large an full-hearted plants, and with bass or other strings, or with smal oster twigs, tie them a little above the middle, not too tight, pre outern up the leaves regularly in the hand, Tronaplant, agreeably to the directions given on page 460, sucl watch repeat, occasionally, till the plants begin to grow frecly Theed plants must be set in an open situation, and by no means nea any kind of shade whatever In the early mart of the month sow o fill aron of an has for In autumn and winter nea: the green eurled sort io ho much the m preferable for thig sowing, as being more hard and keeping bet than any other kind. would be proper to sow some more of th Barne sort about the middle of the month; for these, provided the have time to grow to a proper size, will keep better tban those which

The cardoons, which were planted in June, will now be arrived at some considerable height, so that you may begin to tie up goine for blanohing; bind the stalks round, rather loosely, as practised with endive and draw the earth up to the stems, ns you would to celerv: repeat this earthing from time to time, as they advance in growth i whitened to a suflicient height. Earth up finochio, which is full grown, in order to blanol and rendor it fit for use. Your crops of melons and cucumbers, whether in an advancing or fruiting state, should be kept very clean, which will much improve encourage the growth of the fruit. If the weather proves very dry, a gentle watering, now and then, given in the evening, will be of considerable service to the late crops, but more particularly to the cucumbers.

All your crops should be kept clear from weeds, using the hoo where it can be done with safety, and where not, they must be care. Earth up your advancing crops of cabbages, peas, beans, and all others that require that treatment. Water all new well as all weeds, hoed or picked up. Cut such herbs ae are now in flower to distil, or to dry for winter use, always observing to do it when they are dry, and spread them in a dry, shady place; for if they are dried in the sun, they will shrink up, turn black, and be of little value. You may now, if omitted in spring, or in the proceding months, plant slips of sage, rue, lavender, mastich, thyme, byssop, and winter earory, &c., but these will not be near so strong, nor so capable of resisting the severity of the winter as those planted at an earlier Cut down the decayed flower-stems of any kinds that appear une sightly and elecame dimo dAll ba pronas to charton all the traggling young branchos in order to koep the plants in due compas rhich Will cause them to prodne fresh shoots. and make the plant appear neat during the remainder of the season. done, if possible, in moist or oloudy weather.

The Valeriana locusta, variety olitoria, grows commonly in the cornfields in many parts of Europe; hence, it is called corn-galad; and from its being sufficiently hardy to stand the winter, and of early growth in spring, has acquired the appellation of lamb's lettuce, from its affording them an early pasturage. This is an annual plant, and is cultivated as an esoulent herb in salads for winter and early spring tse. It should be sown in the middle States in the last week of this month, or first in September, on a dry soil and open situation, and raked in; the plants will come up soon after, and should be thinned to two or three inches asunder; they are used during the winter and early spring months in compo sifion with lettuce and other salad herbs, and as a substitute for these where deficient.

The Erysimum barbarea, or winter cress, is used for the same purpose, gown at the same time, and treated in like manner a hirected above for corn-salad This plant is, by the market-gardenere about Philadelphia, called sourvy-grass, to which it is by no meane allied; the latter being the Cochlearia officinalis of Lian., a good antiscorbutio, which has rather a disagreeable smell, and a warm, bitter taste, by no means palatable as a salad. The winter oresses, if soya in the last weak of this month, or first in September, on a dry soil and warm exposure, will afford an early salad in spring, very pleasing to some palates, and perfectly resembling in taste and favor, and somewhat in appearance, the Sisymbrium nasturtium, or water-cress.

Hoe and clean between the hills or rows of Lima and Carolina beane, and cut off any runners that are found to trail on the surface of the ground, which only tend to rob the bearing vinos.

In the southern States, particularly the Carolinus and Georgia, this month being the commencement of their raing season, it is com mon to 8ow cauliflowers, cabbage, carrot, parsnep, onion, leeks, and endive; and in short, the goneral variety of seeds that, are sova it the middle States in the months of March and April. These kinds arrive there at a tolerable degree of perfection before their winter Beta in, which is so very mild as scarcely to injuro any of their esculent crops; and such of them as do not come to maturity before winter attain it early in spring.

The dung-bills should, during the somer months, be kept free rom weeds, for if the seeda of such are permitted to ripen and fal he dung when carried into the garden will poison the whole groun The manure produced by the heaps of weeds taken out of the garden, should not be introduced therein again, until it is three or four year old, lest the seeds which happened to ripen should stock the ground afresh.